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Traffic engineering refers to the process of selecting the paths chosen by data traffic in order to balance the traffic load on the various links, routers, and switches in the network. Traffic engineering is most important in networks where multiple parallel or alternate paths are available.

A major goal of Internet Traffic Engineering is to facilitate efficient and reliable network operations while simultaneously optimizing network resource utilization and traffic performance.

The goal of TE is to compute a path from one given node to another (source routing), such that the path does not violate the constraints (e.g. Bandwidth/administrative requirements...) and is optimal with respect to some scalar metric. Once the path is computed, TE (a.k.a. Constraint based routing) is responsible for establishing and maintaining forwarding state along such a path.